Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental condition characterised by social communication difficulties, social interaction difficulties and repetitive behaviour and restricted interest. It generally presents with speech delay.

ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) is a developmental condition characterised by hyperactivity, lack of attention and impulsivity. It generally presents with hyperactivity and poor academic performance.

Intelligence quotient is a total score derived from several standardized tests designed to assess human intelligence. If there is a concern regarding children’s academic performance, IQ assessment and learning difficulty assessment will help to identify their difficulties, so that early intervention can be offered to improve their academic performance.

Some children have difficulty in a particular subject or reading or writing although their intelligence is average.

Developmental delay is when your child does not reach their developmental milestones at the expected times. Eg. Walking at around 12 months of age.

Dyslexia is a specific learning difficulty that involves difficulty in reading due to problems in identifying speech sounds, spelling and learning how they relate to letters and words.

A slow learner is a child of below average intelligence or average intelligence with learning difficulty. This child will go through the same basic developmental stages as other children but will do so at a significantly slower rate especially with regards to reading and writing skills

Emotional behavioural disorder refers to a condition in which behaviour or emotional responses of an individual are so different from generally accepted norms, which affects individual performance and leads to chronic psychiatric problems in the future.

Now-a-days parents are at extreme stress to meet their children’s expectations and struggle to balance their work and family life. Parenting guidance will help them to have positive parenting and do their responsibility in an effective way.

Internet addiction is a growing problem among youths and adults now-a-days. It affects the whole family and makes them to be stressed. It can lead to severe physical and mental health issues in the long run. Early counselling and parenting guidance will help to avoid and reduce Internet addiction.

Our children are under pressure due to competitive exams and peer group influence. They struggle to make friends, afraid of subjects and refuse to go to school at times. The key thing is to recognise that school could be an issue for some kinds and to provide the right help to support them.

Inability to sleep, refusal to go to bed early, waking up in the middle of the night, having bad dreams, difficult to wakeup in the morning are all part of sleep difficulties. It can be due to poor sleep hygiene including irregular bedtime and excessive screen time or part of other mental health illness.

Bedwetting, or nocturnal enuresis, refers to unintentional passage of urine during sleep.

Sibling rivalry is the jealousy, competition and fighting between brothers and sisters. It is a concern for almost all parents of two or more kids. Problems often start right after the birth of the second child.

Depression is a type of mental health illness characterised by low mood, loss of interest in activities and loss of energy with other symptoms, which can lead to significant impairment in daily life.

Intense, excessive and persistent worry and fear about everyday situations. Fast heart rate, rapid breathing, sweating and feeling tired may occur. Anxiety can be normal in stressful situations such as public speaking or taking exams. When it affects their performance, getting the right help is must as it can impair the life severely if untreated.

OCD is characterised by excessive thoughts (obsessions) that lead to repetitive behaviours (compulsions). OCD often centres on themes such as a fear of germs or the need to arrange objects in a specific manner. Symptoms usually begin gradually and vary throughout life.

Psychosis is one of the severe mental health illnesses. It causes you to lose touch with reality. You might see, hear, or believe things that aren't real and it can lead to strange behaviour including aggressive behaviour.

A disorder characterised by failure to recover after experiencing or witnessing a terrifying event. Symptoms may include nightmares or flashbacks, avoidance of situations that bring back the trauma, heightened reactivity to stimuli, anxiety or depressed mood.

Having thoughts of not wanting to live or want to hurt themselves by cutting their wrist and taking overdose can be due to underlying psychiatric illness. Earlier assessment and treatment would save the lives.

The somatoform disorders are a group of psychological disorders in which patient experiences physical symptoms that are inconsistent with or cannot be fully explained by any underlying general medical or neurologic condition. Eg. headache due to exam stress.

It is a type of psychotherapy mainly for couples to resolve conflicts and improve their relationship and better communication.

Personality development is basically improving one’s own behaviour and attitudes that makes a person distinctive and confident. It increases job opportunity and their successes in life.

Stress management includes a wide range of techniques and psychotherapies aimed at controlling a person's level of stress and to learn better coping skills with the goal to improve everyday functioning.

Many mental health problems and emotional difficulties are due to family dynamics. Family therapy is a type of counselling to all or some family members to find out the route cause for their stress and to learn problem solving techniques with the aim of improving relationship within the family members.

Cognitive behavioural therapy is a type of structured counselling for various mental health issues including depression and behavioural difficulties. It helps to improve coping strategies, problem solving and emotional regulation without having medications.

Leadership skill is an important skill to lead the team, family or friends to achieve the goal during any group activity. If the children are trained to have good leadership skills, it would help them to achieve their goals and they will have a bright future in any field.

It is a type of individual counselling to someone who lost his or her loved one and struggling to cope with the loss. It helps to bring them back to their routine effectively.

Incidence of alcohol drinking, smoking and other illicit drug use is greatly increasing in the modern world. Early identification and individual counselling help them to come out of this addiction.

Child abuse is physical, verbal, emotional and sexual abuse of a child by family members or nonfamily members. Childhood victims may develop severe mental health problems in future. They need regular counselling to cope up with the abuse.

Many young people, children and adults struggle to maintain their family, peer or official relationship due to their personality and lack of knowledge about how to maintain their relationship with them. It needs to be treated early as it helps them to develop their social communication skills, which is one of the basic life skills.

Research has proven that chemical imbalance in the brain causes all mental health and emotional difficulties. Hence prescribing medication will help to treat those difficulties and improve the quality of life. Usually medications are tried when counselling is not effective or alongside counselling for a speedy recovery for severe mental health issues.

Lots of help are available for slow learners and kids with learning disability. Government and NGO’s are offering the necessary help including NIOS (National Institute of Open Schooling) and vocational training. Guidance will be given based on the child’s need.

Anger is part of our emotions, however dealing with our anger and children’s anger will be a big challenge for every parent. Anger management programme is an individual or group counselling session to learn how to manage anger.

This is to certify that someone’s mental health is stable enough to take decisions, new job/study, court proceedings and insurance purposes.

It is a term which describes people whose gender identity or expression doesn’t match the sex they were assigned at birth. They have a persistent and intense distress to be of the other sex. They need psychological assessment and guidance as part of the treatment process.